Abstract
Although 2D layered nanomaterials have been intensively investigated towards their application in energy conversion and storage devices, their disadvantages have rarely been explored so far especially compared to their 3D counterparts. Herein, WO 3 ·nH 2 O (n = 0, 1, 2), as the most common and important electrochemical and electrochromic active nanomaterial, is synthesized in 3D and 2D structures through a facile hydrothermal method, and the disadvantages of the corresponding 2D structures are examined. The weakness of 2D WWO 3 ·nH 2 O originates from its layered structure. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of as-grown WO3·nH2O samples suggest a structural transition from 2D to 3D upon temperature increase. 2D WO 3 ·nH 2 O easily generates structural instabilities by 2D intercalation, resulting in a faster performance degradation, due to its weak interlayer van der Waals forces, even though it outranks the 3D network structure in terms of improved electronic properties. The structural transformation of 2D layered WO 3 ·nH 2 O into 3D nanostructures is observed via ex situ Raman measurements under electrochemical cycling experiments. The proposed degradation mechanism is confirmed by the morphology changes. The work provides strong ev idence for and in-depth understanding of the weakness of 2D layered nanomaterials and paves the way for further interlayer reinforcement, especially for 2D layered transition metal oxides.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2845-2854 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2018 |
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Keywords
- 2D layered oxides
- Interlayer water
- Van der Waals interaction
- WO ·nH O
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this
Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO 3 ·nH 2 O for energy conversion and storage devices. / Hai, Zhenyin; Akbari, Mohammad Karbalaei; Wei, Zihan; Cui, Danfeng; Xue, Chenyang; Xu, Hongyan; Heynderickx, Philippe M.; Verpoort, Francis; Zhuiykov, Serge.
In: Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, No. 1, 01.01.2018, p. 2845-2854.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO 3 ·nH 2 O for energy conversion and storage devices
AU - Hai, Zhenyin
AU - Akbari, Mohammad Karbalaei
AU - Wei, Zihan
AU - Cui, Danfeng
AU - Xue, Chenyang
AU - Xu, Hongyan
AU - Heynderickx, Philippe M.
AU - Verpoort, Francis
AU - Zhuiykov, Serge
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Although 2D layered nanomaterials have been intensively investigated towards their application in energy conversion and storage devices, their disadvantages have rarely been explored so far especially compared to their 3D counterparts. Herein, WO 3 ·nH 2 O (n = 0, 1, 2), as the most common and important electrochemical and electrochromic active nanomaterial, is synthesized in 3D and 2D structures through a facile hydrothermal method, and the disadvantages of the corresponding 2D structures are examined. The weakness of 2D WWO 3 ·nH 2 O originates from its layered structure. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of as-grown WO3·nH2O samples suggest a structural transition from 2D to 3D upon temperature increase. 2D WO 3 ·nH 2 O easily generates structural instabilities by 2D intercalation, resulting in a faster performance degradation, due to its weak interlayer van der Waals forces, even though it outranks the 3D network structure in terms of improved electronic properties. The structural transformation of 2D layered WO 3 ·nH 2 O into 3D nanostructures is observed via ex situ Raman measurements under electrochemical cycling experiments. The proposed degradation mechanism is confirmed by the morphology changes. The work provides strong ev idence for and in-depth understanding of the weakness of 2D layered nanomaterials and paves the way for further interlayer reinforcement, especially for 2D layered transition metal oxides.
AB - Although 2D layered nanomaterials have been intensively investigated towards their application in energy conversion and storage devices, their disadvantages have rarely been explored so far especially compared to their 3D counterparts. Herein, WO 3 ·nH 2 O (n = 0, 1, 2), as the most common and important electrochemical and electrochromic active nanomaterial, is synthesized in 3D and 2D structures through a facile hydrothermal method, and the disadvantages of the corresponding 2D structures are examined. The weakness of 2D WWO 3 ·nH 2 O originates from its layered structure. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of as-grown WO3·nH2O samples suggest a structural transition from 2D to 3D upon temperature increase. 2D WO 3 ·nH 2 O easily generates structural instabilities by 2D intercalation, resulting in a faster performance degradation, due to its weak interlayer van der Waals forces, even though it outranks the 3D network structure in terms of improved electronic properties. The structural transformation of 2D layered WO 3 ·nH 2 O into 3D nanostructures is observed via ex situ Raman measurements under electrochemical cycling experiments. The proposed degradation mechanism is confirmed by the morphology changes. The work provides strong ev idence for and in-depth understanding of the weakness of 2D layered nanomaterials and paves the way for further interlayer reinforcement, especially for 2D layered transition metal oxides.
KW - 2D layered oxides
KW - Interlayer water
KW - Van der Waals interaction
KW - WO ·nH O
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058221536&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85058221536&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3762/bjnano.9.265
DO - 10.3762/bjnano.9.265
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85058221536
VL - 9
SP - 2845
EP - 2854
JO - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
JF - Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
SN - 2190-4286
IS - 1
ER -