Abstract
Extracts of cones and leaves of different species of the genus Juniperus have been used for centuries to treat a variety of medical problems; however, little is known about the active components conferring therapeutic properties to these extracts. To address this issue, we extracted water-soluble polysaccharides from Juniperus scopolorum cones and used ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography to separate them into five fractions, with estimated Mr of 30, 60, 100, 200, and 680 kDa, respectively. All fractions contained type II arabinogalactan in their structure, as determined by reaction with Yariv reagent and structural analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but lacked complement fixing activity. Analysis of the effects of Juniper polysaccharides on murine peritoneal macrophages, cultured J774.A1 macrophages, and human mononuclear phagocytes demonstrated that the high molecular weight polysaccharide fractions (200 and 680 kDa) had potent immunomodulatory activity. These polysaccharide fractions primed macrophages for an enhanced respiratory burst, directly stimulated NO production via induction of nitric oxide synthase, and induced macrophages to secrete both inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. These data suggest that at least part of the beneficial therapeutic effects reported for extracts of juniper cones are due to modulation of monocyte/macrophage immune functions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1783-1799 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | International Immunopharmacology |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue number | 13-14 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2005 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Cytokines
- Immunomodulator
- Juniperus scopolorum
- Macrophage
- Nitric oxide
- Polysaccharide
- Reactive oxygen species
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Cite this
Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Juniperus scopolorum. / Schepetkin, Igor A.; Faulkner, Craig L.; Nelson-Overton, Laura K.; Wiley, James A.; Quinn, Mark T.
In: International Immunopharmacology, Vol. 5, No. 13-14, 12.2005, p. 1783-1799.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Macrophage immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Juniperus scopolorum
AU - Schepetkin, Igor A.
AU - Faulkner, Craig L.
AU - Nelson-Overton, Laura K.
AU - Wiley, James A.
AU - Quinn, Mark T.
PY - 2005/12
Y1 - 2005/12
N2 - Extracts of cones and leaves of different species of the genus Juniperus have been used for centuries to treat a variety of medical problems; however, little is known about the active components conferring therapeutic properties to these extracts. To address this issue, we extracted water-soluble polysaccharides from Juniperus scopolorum cones and used ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography to separate them into five fractions, with estimated Mr of 30, 60, 100, 200, and 680 kDa, respectively. All fractions contained type II arabinogalactan in their structure, as determined by reaction with Yariv reagent and structural analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but lacked complement fixing activity. Analysis of the effects of Juniper polysaccharides on murine peritoneal macrophages, cultured J774.A1 macrophages, and human mononuclear phagocytes demonstrated that the high molecular weight polysaccharide fractions (200 and 680 kDa) had potent immunomodulatory activity. These polysaccharide fractions primed macrophages for an enhanced respiratory burst, directly stimulated NO production via induction of nitric oxide synthase, and induced macrophages to secrete both inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. These data suggest that at least part of the beneficial therapeutic effects reported for extracts of juniper cones are due to modulation of monocyte/macrophage immune functions.
AB - Extracts of cones and leaves of different species of the genus Juniperus have been used for centuries to treat a variety of medical problems; however, little is known about the active components conferring therapeutic properties to these extracts. To address this issue, we extracted water-soluble polysaccharides from Juniperus scopolorum cones and used ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography to separate them into five fractions, with estimated Mr of 30, 60, 100, 200, and 680 kDa, respectively. All fractions contained type II arabinogalactan in their structure, as determined by reaction with Yariv reagent and structural analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but lacked complement fixing activity. Analysis of the effects of Juniper polysaccharides on murine peritoneal macrophages, cultured J774.A1 macrophages, and human mononuclear phagocytes demonstrated that the high molecular weight polysaccharide fractions (200 and 680 kDa) had potent immunomodulatory activity. These polysaccharide fractions primed macrophages for an enhanced respiratory burst, directly stimulated NO production via induction of nitric oxide synthase, and induced macrophages to secrete both inflammatory (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. These data suggest that at least part of the beneficial therapeutic effects reported for extracts of juniper cones are due to modulation of monocyte/macrophage immune functions.
KW - Cytokines
KW - Immunomodulator
KW - Juniperus scopolorum
KW - Macrophage
KW - Nitric oxide
KW - Polysaccharide
KW - Reactive oxygen species
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=27744590426&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=27744590426&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.05.009
DO - 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.05.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 16275615
AN - SCOPUS:27744590426
VL - 5
SP - 1783
EP - 1799
JO - International Immunopharmacology
JF - International Immunopharmacology
SN - 1567-5769
IS - 13-14
ER -