Electronic structures and reactivities of iodinating agents in the gas phase and in solutions: A density functional study

The electronic and spatial structures of a broad spectrum of neutral compounds with X-Hal (X = N, O, Cl; Hal = Cl, Br, I) bonds and their protonated forms and of different electronic states of triiodide cation, I₃ ⁺, were determined from density functional B3LYP/6 311G*quantum chemical calculations. The effects of the structure of these compounds on the parameters of electrophilic reactivity were revealed and the thermochemical characteristics of homolytic and heterolytic X-Hal bond dissociation and of iodine transfer in hydroxyl-containing solvents were calculated. Due to low homolytic bond dissociation energies of X-I, the formation of molecular iodine and triiodide cation I₃ ⁺ becomes thermodynamically favorable and the cation should act as iodinating agent alternative to acylhypoiodites and N-iodoimides. The solvation effects of MeOH and CH ₂Cl₂ on the X-Hal bond homolysis and heterolysis were determined using the PCM model.