TY - JOUR
T1 - Degradation of carbamazepine by photo(Electro)catalysis on nanostructured TiO2 meshes
T2 - Transformation products and reaction pathways
AU - Franz, Silvia
AU - Falletta, Ermelinda
AU - Arab, Hamed
AU - Murgolo, Sapia
AU - Bestetti, Massimiliano
AU - Mascolo, Giuseppe
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment plants and widely detected in wastewater bodies. In the present study, advanced oxidation processes for carbamazepine removal are investigated, with particular regard to the degradation pathways of carbamazepine by photoelectrocatalysis and conventional photocatalysis. Photoelectrocatalysis was carried out onto TiO2 meshes obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation, a well-known technique in the field of industrial surface treatments, in view of an easy scale-up of the process. By photoelectrocatalysis, 99% of carbamazepine was removed in 55 min while only 65% removal was achieved by photolysis. The investigation of the transformation products (TPs) was carried out by means of UPLC-QTOF/MS/MS. Several new TPs were identified and accordingly reaction pathways were proposed. Above 80 min the transformation products disappear, probably forming organic acids of low-molecular weight as final degradation products. The results demonstrated that photoelectrocatalysis onto TiO2 meshes obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation is a useful alternative to common advanced oxidation processes as wastewater tertiary treatment aimed at removing compounds of emerging concern.
AB - Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment plants and widely detected in wastewater bodies. In the present study, advanced oxidation processes for carbamazepine removal are investigated, with particular regard to the degradation pathways of carbamazepine by photoelectrocatalysis and conventional photocatalysis. Photoelectrocatalysis was carried out onto TiO2 meshes obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation, a well-known technique in the field of industrial surface treatments, in view of an easy scale-up of the process. By photoelectrocatalysis, 99% of carbamazepine was removed in 55 min while only 65% removal was achieved by photolysis. The investigation of the transformation products (TPs) was carried out by means of UPLC-QTOF/MS/MS. Several new TPs were identified and accordingly reaction pathways were proposed. Above 80 min the transformation products disappear, probably forming organic acids of low-molecular weight as final degradation products. The results demonstrated that photoelectrocatalysis onto TiO2 meshes obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation is a useful alternative to common advanced oxidation processes as wastewater tertiary treatment aimed at removing compounds of emerging concern.
KW - Compounds of emerging concern
KW - Heterogeneous photocatalysis
KW - Immobilized catalyst
KW - Photoelectrocatalysis
KW - Titanium dioxide
KW - Transformation products
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U2 - 10.3390/catal10020169
DO - 10.3390/catal10020169
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85079461753
VL - 10
JO - Catalysts
JF - Catalysts
SN - 2073-4344
IS - 2
M1 - 169
ER -