Abstract
This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of assessments of emotional states, perceived stress and recovery were completed. Results indicated that emotional states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the training period preceding a major competition. Specifically, significant positive linear effects of time (i.e., linear increase over time) and negative quadratic effects of squared time (i.e., inverted U shape over time) on anxiety, dejection and anger were observed, whereas the opposite pattern of results was found for happiness and excitement. Moreover, level 2 perceived stress and recovery (i.e., inter-individual predictors) were significantly associated with athletes' unpleasant and pleasant emotional states respectively. At level 1, perceived recovery (i.e., intra-individual predictor) was positively associated with happiness and excitement and negatively related to anxiety, dejection and anger. Finally, within-person interactions of general stress and recovery with time and squared time reached significance for excitement, whereas within-person interactions of specific and total stress with time and squared time reached significance for anxiety. Overall, this study provided insights into the central role played by perceived stress and recovery on the emotional states experienced by high level swimmers. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the stress-recovery balance and in turn the athletes' emotional states during a complete training program.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1043 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue number | JUN |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2017 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Athletes
- Ecological conditions
- Emotions in sports
- Multilevel growth curve analyses
- Training
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychology(all)
Cite this
Changes of swimmers' emotional states during the preparation of national championship : Do recovery-stress states matter? / Vacher, Philippe; Nicolas, Michel; Martinent, Guillaume; Mourot, Laurent.
In: Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 8, No. JUN, 1043, 01.01.2017.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes of swimmers' emotional states during the preparation of national championship
T2 - Do recovery-stress states matter?
AU - Vacher, Philippe
AU - Nicolas, Michel
AU - Martinent, Guillaume
AU - Mourot, Laurent
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of assessments of emotional states, perceived stress and recovery were completed. Results indicated that emotional states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the training period preceding a major competition. Specifically, significant positive linear effects of time (i.e., linear increase over time) and negative quadratic effects of squared time (i.e., inverted U shape over time) on anxiety, dejection and anger were observed, whereas the opposite pattern of results was found for happiness and excitement. Moreover, level 2 perceived stress and recovery (i.e., inter-individual predictors) were significantly associated with athletes' unpleasant and pleasant emotional states respectively. At level 1, perceived recovery (i.e., intra-individual predictor) was positively associated with happiness and excitement and negatively related to anxiety, dejection and anger. Finally, within-person interactions of general stress and recovery with time and squared time reached significance for excitement, whereas within-person interactions of specific and total stress with time and squared time reached significance for anxiety. Overall, this study provided insights into the central role played by perceived stress and recovery on the emotional states experienced by high level swimmers. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the stress-recovery balance and in turn the athletes' emotional states during a complete training program.
AB - This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of assessments of emotional states, perceived stress and recovery were completed. Results indicated that emotional states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the training period preceding a major competition. Specifically, significant positive linear effects of time (i.e., linear increase over time) and negative quadratic effects of squared time (i.e., inverted U shape over time) on anxiety, dejection and anger were observed, whereas the opposite pattern of results was found for happiness and excitement. Moreover, level 2 perceived stress and recovery (i.e., inter-individual predictors) were significantly associated with athletes' unpleasant and pleasant emotional states respectively. At level 1, perceived recovery (i.e., intra-individual predictor) was positively associated with happiness and excitement and negatively related to anxiety, dejection and anger. Finally, within-person interactions of general stress and recovery with time and squared time reached significance for excitement, whereas within-person interactions of specific and total stress with time and squared time reached significance for anxiety. Overall, this study provided insights into the central role played by perceived stress and recovery on the emotional states experienced by high level swimmers. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the stress-recovery balance and in turn the athletes' emotional states during a complete training program.
KW - Athletes
KW - Ecological conditions
KW - Emotions in sports
KW - Multilevel growth curve analyses
KW - Training
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021232425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85021232425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01043
DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01043
M3 - Article
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Psychology
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
SN - 1664-1078
IS - JUN
M1 - 1043
ER -